A MATLAB-Based Framework for Optimal Sizing of Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Residential Applications

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable and decentralized energy solutions has intensified the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, particularly in regions with unreliable grid access. Accurate sizing of system components—PV panels, inverters, battery storage, and charge controllers—is essential for ensuring reliability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term performance. This study presents a MATLAB-based computational model for the optimal sizing of residential solar PV systems, targeting a daily energy requirement of 5000 Wh. The proposed framework integrates technical specifications, system losses, and safety margins to generate realistic estimates of component requirements. Key input parameters include panel wattage, average peak sun hours, desired battery autonomy, and component efficiencies. Simulation results for a hypothetical scenario using 300 W PV modules and 5 peak sun hours indicate that four PV panels, a 10 kWh battery, a 1560 W inverter, and a 62.5 A charge controller would meet the specified demand. The model offers a replicable and scalable tool for system designers, energy consultants, and development practitioners seeking to deploy solar energy solutions in both grid-connected and off-grid settings.