https://businesstechjournal.com.ng/index.php/BTJ/issue/feed 2025-08-04T14:47:25+00:00 Business Tech Journal aifpuschofbiz@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Business Tech. (A Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Technology), Business Tech. is a scholarly journal in the fields of Accountancy, Administration, Management, Marketing, Library and Information Science, Office Technology, Engineering, Medicine, Health Technology and other related disciplines. It propels and propagates the thrust of providing a medium for the dissemination of the ever-expanding frontiers of knowledge in the information and communication technology era.</span></p> https://businesstechjournal.com.ng/index.php/BTJ/article/view/43 2025-08-03T22:46:05+00:00 Enesi Ahmed infomahmed@yahoo.co.uk

The increasing demand for sustainable and decentralized energy solutions has intensified the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, particularly in regions with unreliable grid access. Accurate sizing of system components—PV panels, inverters, battery storage, and charge controllers—is essential for ensuring reliability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term performance. This study presents a MATLAB-based computational model for the optimal sizing of residential solar PV systems, targeting a daily energy requirement of 5000 Wh. The proposed framework integrates technical specifications, system losses, and safety margins to generate realistic estimates of component requirements. Key input parameters include panel wattage, average peak sun hours, desired battery autonomy, and component efficiencies. Simulation results for a hypothetical scenario using 300 W PV modules and 5 peak sun hours indicate that four PV panels, a 10 kWh battery, a 1560 W inverter, and a 62.5 A charge controller would meet the specified demand. The model offers a replicable and scalable tool for system designers, energy consultants, and development practitioners seeking to deploy solar energy solutions in both grid-connected and off-grid settings.

2025-08-04T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Business Tech Journal https://businesstechjournal.com.ng/index.php/BTJ/article/view/44 2025-08-03T22:50:58+00:00 Kate Nwaiwu peculiarkaty@gmail.com

Technological revolution of every age dictates how they live and operate. Today, technological evolvement has made digital skills and by extension, digital inclusion an essential aspect of everyday life. In the world of work, potential employees are expected to possess basic digital skills, at least, irrespective of their core professional skills. OTM programme was a “rescue” programme for Secretarial Studies when its products, at the beginning of the millennium, risked redundancy and massive loss of job. It is however, not enough to overhaul the programme via change of curriculum, there is need to ensure the facilities and infrastructure needed to optimally transfer the skills imbedded in the curriculum. The paper adopted the approach of literature review as secondary data and reviewed the different categories of digital skills in demand today, the challenges to enhanced digital skills development and digital inclusion in Nigeria, importance of digital skills, ways to enhance digital development and inclusion. The paper concluded that digital skills are integral part of OTM programme and so the programme draws its relevance from the skills it stands to offer, hence the need to ensure the required facilities to effectively teach it are provided. Among other things, the paper suggested that NBTE should ensure frequent review of the OTM curriculum to keep it abreast with the trending digital skills in the world of work. It also suggested that infrastructural deficit should be addressed extensively and that there should be deliberate efforts to include relevant industries and private sectors.

2025-08-04T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Business Tech Journal https://businesstechjournal.com.ng/index.php/BTJ/article/view/45 2025-08-03T23:16:45+00:00 John Ibiam amaibiam2002@gmail.com

This study was on the use of groundnut shell and clay soil as natural adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals. Groundnut shell and clay soil were used as natural adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals in waste water effluent. The effluent was treated with activated charcoal from groundnut shell and clay soil. The heavy metal concentrations in the effluent, activated charcoal and clay soil after the treatment and purification were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results were compared with WHO Drinking Water Standard. The results showed that the effluent before the treatment recorded Cu 0.05±0.01mg/L, Fe 2.20±1.19mg/L, Ni 0.27±0.03mg/L, Pb 0.02±0.00mg/L, Zn 5.37±0.23mg/L, Cd 0.05±0.02mg/L, and Cr 0.03±0.02mg/L. The treated effluent with activated charcoal from groundnut shell Cu 0.05±0.01mg/L, Fe 0.9±0.01mg/L, Ni 0.12±0.01mg/L, Pb 0.02±0.00mg/L, Zn 0.98±0.03mg/L, Cd 0.01±0.00 mg/L and Cr 0.01±0.00 mg/L, treated with clay soil Cu 0.34±0.03mg/L, Fe 1.13±0.09mg/L, Ni 0.44±0.26mg/L, Pb 0.00±0.00mg/L, Zn 3.48±0.18mg/L, Cd 0.05±0.02mg/L and Cr was not detected. The results showed that Cu and Cr were lower than WHO Drinking Water Standard while the other parameters were higher. The analyses also shows that the clay soil was a better adsorbent than the activated charcoal from a groundnut shell.

2025-08-04T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Business Tech Journal https://businesstechjournal.com.ng/index.php/BTJ/article/view/46 2025-08-03T23:24:48+00:00 Enesi Ahmed infomahmed@yahoo.co.uk

The global transition towards renewable energy sources (RES) has accelerated significantly, driven by the need to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security, and achieve sustainable development. While the proliferation of solar, wind, and other variable renewables holds considerable promise, their large-scale integration into existing power systems presents a suite of technical, operational, and regulatory challenges. This paper reviews the principal issues impeding stable integration, including variability, reduced inertia, dispatch limitations, and inadequate protection schemes. It further evaluates emerging solutions such as smart grids, energy storage, hybrid systems, and advanced forecasting, supported by international case studies from Germany, California, India, and Denmark. The analysis concludes that while technological innovation is vital, coordinated regulatory reform and strategic investment are equally indispensable to achieving a resilient and renewable-rich energy future.

2025-08-04T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Business Tech Journal https://businesstechjournal.com.ng/index.php/BTJ/article/view/47 2025-08-03T23:30:36+00:00 Ahamefula Oko okoahamefula@gmail.com

The aim of the study was to determine the heavy metals and anions contents of water from different water bodies in Unwana, Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. A total of 20 water samples comprising of 10 and 10 from River and Streams were collected from Unwana over a period of 5 months. Samples were analysed for heavy metals and anions using standard scientific procedures. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Results revealed varying ranges in Aluminum (0.02 ± 0.01 - 0.12 ± 0.02 mgL-1), Arsenic (0.02 ± 0.00 - 0.10 ± 0.02 mgL-1), Cadmium (0.02 ± 0.00 - 0.34 ± 0.00 mgL-1), Chromium (0.02 ± 0.01 - 0.08 ± 0.01 mgL-1 ), Copper (0.45 ± 0.00 - 0.62 ± 0.00 mgL-1), Lead (0.12 ± 0.00 - 0.19 ± 0.02 mgL-1), Mercury (0.10 ± 0.02 - 0.35 ± 0.00 mgL-1), Zinc (0.08 ± 0.00 - 1.02 ± 0.00 mgL-1), Chlorides (45.00 ± 0.02 - 192.00 ± 0.08 mgL-1), Nitrates (15.00 ± 0.08 -28.00 ± 0.01 mgL-1), Sulphate (64.00 ± 0.00 – 248.00 ± 0.08 mgL-1) and Phosphates (0.12 ± 0.01 - 18.00 ± 0.04 mgL-1). The results revealed that the heavy metals and anions contents in the water samples were beyond WHO recommended limits indicating potential problem for human and animal health. It is important to monitor the quality of water and strict quality control measures should be strengthened to ensure the effective treatment of drinking water. Educative programmes should be organised by researchers and government agencies to enlighten the villagers on the proper use of water and potential dangers associated with human consumption of contaminated water.

2025-08-04T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Business Tech Journal